Everything about insurance history and types

Under insurance will try to expand on the subject of insurance, including property insurance, life insurance, car insurance, insurance of all these types of features, etc. Insurance is a way to reduce risks by ensuring payment of potential harm to the victim. Compensation for damages is made from the insurance fund, which is financed by contributions from the fear of losing the insured and insured warranty administered compensation.

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Insurance is a universal means of protection from financial loss insurance creates peace of mind and confidence in the future. The insurance contract is evidence of insurance accident insurance prevention, and to minimize the potential damage. By collecting contributions from many people and organizations, in the form of compulsory savings, increasing investment activity in the economy.

Insurance is one of the most important components of the service sector. Although insurance does not create new products, but the distribution of losses for any insured person among all participants in the insurance fund makes them safer. Not have been possible without the many types of insurance activity productivity associated with uncertainty and risk.

History of insurance

The situation began to change with the development of banking services. View loan secured by real estate growing constantly. But not any, but only after the insured. Therefore, the mortgage insurance called “pressure” by the deal. So no one is forced to take the banks they lend to, and respectively, and related processes.

The insurance company has a long history. The earliest forms of insurance that it arose as a mutual insurance, an idea of collective self-reliance. The most primitive form of insurance natural application in the peasant communities in the early States. Special stocks of grain and other products in the community and the Government formed through the barns combine natural contributions. At their own expense, for example, in the lean years provided material assistance to families affected by farmers.

On the development of commodity-money relations gave insurance means insurance in the form of cash. Insurance damage in monetary terms greatly expanded the possibilities of mutual insurance. If at first the mutual insurance fund was formed “naked eye”, then using probability theory as a basis for the insurance premiums to the Insurance Fund specified have already calculated the average potential harm all participants in insurance.

Rapid development for insurance at the end of the fifteenth century, when Europeans began to explore new territory. To protect against the risk of marine merchants and ship owners agreed the joint campaigns that, in the case of the death of one of them, the damage will spread among all. The first has come down to our days, marine policy (insurance) was released in 1347 to transport goods from Genoa on the island of Majorca on the ship “Santa Clara”. This shows that along with insurance at that time already existed and developed commercial insurance, which includes the provision of insurance protection for a fee (premium).

Professional insurance companies first, and individual entrepreneurs (signed) who has taken on the obligation of reparation under pledge of personal property. At the end of the 17-18 centuries is the first half of the first insurance companies in the field of marine insurance: to France in 1686, in Paris, in Italy in the year 1741 in Genoa.

The insurance has spun the international ocean shipping insurer Lloyd’s English, which private insurance companies, each of which has taken insurance on the basis of their financial capacity. Date started “logdsa” at the end of the 17th century, its origin was Edward Lloyd. In 1871 the British Parliament a law according to which “Lloyd later officially appeared as a company. Today, “Lloyd plays the role of the insurance market and the largest center of information on maritime traffic and commerce.

In addition to marine insurance in a new time began to develop other types of insurance. He was 17 in crowded cities, a very high risk of fire. In the history of insurance entered into a great fire of London in 1666, which destroyed the entire city center. After this tragic event, and fire insurance.

Life insurance is also the birthplace of England. It was here in 1699 for the first time in a professional organization devoted to the lives of widows and orphans, and then founded the insurance company insurance.

Types of marine origin, fire and life insurance, gradually grew a wide range of different areas of insurance. Before the beginning of the 1760 ‘s in Western Europe, there were about 100 different types of property and personal insurance, including title insurance and property insurance. Today there are almost no material things and protect the interests of insurance.

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The concept of insurance and reinsurance

Insurance is a type of civil relations with regard to the protection of property interests of citizens and legal persons in the case of some of the events, under the insurance contract or by law, to the detriment of the cash generated by citizens and legal persons pay insurance fees (insurance premiums), income from deposit funds.
Insurers are legal entities and capable citizens who have concluded contracts with insurance companies or insurance insured in accordance with the law.

Objects of insurance are property interests that do not conflict with the legislation:
Locking objects related to life and health, and health and the additional pension of the insured person or the insured person (personal insurance);

Insurance objects associated with the ownership, use and disposal of property (property insurance);
Lock objects, causing them to pay to the insured person or property damage as well as damage caused by legal person (insurance).

It can be voluntary or compulsory insurance.
Voluntary insurance is insurance that is carried out on the basis of the contract between the insured and the insurer. General conditions and procedures for the voluntary insurance by insurance regulations that are set by the insurance company in accordance with the requirements of this law. Specify insurance requirements specified in the contract of insurance in accordance with the law. Voluntary insurance of the insurer may not be a prerequisite for other legal relationships.

Can be types of voluntary insurance:

Life insurance;
Accident insurance;
Medical insurance (permanent health insurance);
Health insurance;
Insurance of railway transport;
Land transport insurance (except railway);
Air transport insurance;
Insurance of water transport (marine internal and other types of water transport);
Cargo and luggage insurance;
Insurance against fire;
Property insurance;

Civil liability insurance for surface transport owners (including liability of carrier);
Liability insurance of air transport owners (including liability of carrier);
Liability insurance for water transport owners (including liability of carrier);
Third party liability insurance
Credit insurance (including the borrower’s liability for non-payment of the loan);
Investment insurance;
Financial risk insurance;
Legal expenses insurance;
Insurance for issuing guarantees (bail) and accepted;
Medical expenses insurance;
Other types of voluntary insurance.

Types of compulsory insurance

These types of compulsory insurance:
Medical insurance;
Medical and pharmaceutical workers ‘ personal insurance in case of HIV infection in the performance of official duties;
Personal insurance of fire departments and rural brigades members and voluntary fire wives (teams);
High class athletes insurance;
Life and health insurance of specialists in veterinary medicine;
Personal insurance against accidents on transport;
Aviation insurance of civil aviation;
Insurance of liability of the carrier, performing actions related to maritime transport services, for damage caused to passengers, baggage, cargo, mail and other users and third parties;
Civil liability insurance of owners of land vehicles;
Water transport insurance;
Insurance of crops and perennial plants with agricultural institutions of the State, and harvest crops and sugar beet in agricultural enterprises of all forms of ownership;
Civil liability insurance of nuclear facility operator for nuclear damage which can be caused by a nuclear incident;
Insurance for staff involved in the provision of psychiatric care, including care for persons suffering from mental disorders;
Insurance of civil liability of business entities for any damages that may result from fires and accidents in facilities of increased danger, including the highly explosive objects and aspects of economic activity, which can cause accidents to environmental and epidemiological health measures;
Provide civil liability insurance for the investor, including damage to the environment, health, production sharing agreement, except as otherwise provided in this agreement;
Property risks insurance production sharing agreement in the cases provided by the law “on production sharing agreements”;
Insurance and liability, life and health of the Transitional Administrator and the liquidator of the financial institution;

Royal insurance risk when an industrial develop oil and gas fields in cases provided by the law “on oil and gas”;
Medical insurance and other employees of public and public health institutions and public research institutions in the case of infectious diseases associated with the performance of their professional duties in the risk of infectious disease agents;
Liability insurance of the exporter and the person responsible for the disposal of hazardous waste (deletion), on the compensation of damage to human health, property and the natural environment during the transboundary movement and disposal of hazardous waste (deletion);
Secure space activities (terrestrial infrastructure), list
Civil liability insurance for space activities;
Locking objects in space (space infrastructure), with regard to the risks associated with the preparation for the launch of space technology at the launch site, launch and run it in outer space;
Liability insurance regarding risks associated with preparations for the launch of space technology at the launch site, launch and run it in outer space;
Liability insurance for the transport of dangerous goods in the case of negative results for the transport of dangerous goods;
Professional liability insurance for activities that could cause harm to others;
Liability insurance for dog owners (per list of breeds) in respect of damage which may be caused to third parties;
For the application of compulsory insurance, the procedures and the rules for the vote, in the form of a treaty, the special conditions of the compulsory license and insurance amounts and maximum dimensions of the insurance rates or methods of actuarial calculations.
Documents to receive compensation
You will need to pay any amounts of insurance. When it comes to finishing, likely to be the engine of the operating organization, Zaki testifying about the damage and its cause.
In the case of civil liability insurance, the law of the operating organization, you will need to request the injured party.

Insurance: how to choose an insurance company?

We suggest that you heed the recommendations of acquaintances who have experience in insurance of any specific companies. In practice, there was when he was locked in apartment companies, and one insurance company has paid the full amount of insurance, while the other refused to even consider the issue of insurance.
Therefore, you must carefully examine, what are the requirements for the application of the insured event, and what is the procedure to determine the extent of the damage and what are the documents required to obtain payment.

If your insurance company requires a very long list of documentation and assessment of damage from the independent expert and the like, it probably will also greatly complicate the payments. A smaller list of documents required for obtaining payment, so it will be easier for you to communicate with the company in the future.

Housing and insurance offices are divided into those that do not involve inspection of the property, the classic – evaluation of the insurance and the amount of compensation corresponding to the real value of the property. The first is cheaper because of the amount of responsibility early.

Insurance rate (amount) to a major classic insurance 0.27 to 1.2 per cent of its value. In practice, this means that if the value of your home or Office in the $ 100,000 full insurance will cost no more than $ 500 a year. The concession may be (part of the loss, not covered by insurance) up to 5-10% the value of the property insured.
Another trend is the growing practice of special circumstances for lucrative clients. For example, in the case of wholesale insurance risks (for example, Office-from fire, flood and property within the same troubles as well as the responsibility of the owner to the neighbors), making many companies a discount of up to 10-15%. Bonuses (often minus 5-10% price) and are loyal customers who do not pay their contributions in the first year, but has never demanded payment.

In General, the “housing and Office segment is estimated to be around 15-20% of the total insurance market. Approaching the capacity of a particular sector, according to the operators.

Property insurance companies

In an era of political turbulence and raiding more than ever exposed to business risks. Can falter in the financial position of most successful corporations and “the chart” the whims of nature. Fire, theft, damage to property, a nightmare for any businessman. If the large and medium-sized enterprises able to recover from disturbances, then for a small business such as force majeure may be devastating. From all evils, markets and natural character and aims to protect property.

Property insurance

Popular property insurance is increasing from year to year. Furthermore, if a few years ago and is considered the main buyers of insurance policies that the enterprise, turned foreign investment market destination for local business. The share of consumers of this kind of insurance significantly.

Property insurance market, as well as the entire insurance industry, demonstrates positive dynamics are stable. On average over the past year, the insurance market has grown by 25-30%. With no case of Spike, was predictable.
Incentives for the development of this sector of insurance market factors such as rising industrial production and banks rely more on legal and natural persons, the positive impact of foreign property insurance, project holders appear sufficient funds to purchase protection insurance “.

Increased demand for property insurance was the result of “Rethinking the values”: at the stage of privatization, many property owners and managers realize that compensation must depend not only on the State, and on marketing techniques.

There is a need for a system of financial guarantees for compensation in the event of force majeure: natural disasters, fires, accidents, etc., which may negatively affect the development of the economy.

However, insurance companies are not sitting on their hands: they offer a wide range of options to protect against risks. Now you can secure any property insurance, whether it is building, building, furniture, equipment and finished products warehouse or Office decoration. Widely publicized because of frequent natural disasters in large cities receive insurance from billboards and signs.

Recently, including the practices of insurance companies gradually stop or interruption. The most popular day insurance “from fire and related hazards.” in addition to immediately fire hazards, fire, explosion, lightning stroke, etc, this program includes all the classic risks, such as the flow of liquid from plumbing, sewerage, heating systems and fire, including from neighboring premises; natural disaster (tornado, earthquake, etc.). This includes third party unlawful acts, theft, robbery, vandalism and burglary.

Insurance companies with hunting maximum coverage of buildings and facilities. In contrast to the high-tech equipment capital much harder to damage or ruin.

It is one of the more conservative types of property insurance and insurance under Update, the participants of the insurance market compete through the quality of service. Includes the most advanced technology in this sense risk management. Some insurance companies are experts not only account for the most likely business risks, but also provide employers plan to reduce them.

According to experts, businessmen increasingly listen to advice provided by insurance companies when choosing the optimal insurance protection. If the property is generally a formality, then now this service became more understandable, and resorted to more awareness.

The share of property insurance has been increasing steadily over the past few years, according to experts, the increase in insurance premiums in the overall structure of almost 1.5 times. The growing demand for property insurance related to the arrival of the enterprise to inform investors, and to increase the professional competence of insurance companies and the successful promotion of all types of insurance, to increase the presence of insurance intermediaries and to improve the quality of their work.

Expectations for the future of insurance

As for the Outlook, in 2008, and experts expect increased insurance market to 20-25 percent due to the increase in the number of mortgage deals and increase the activity of insurance companies.

Experts point out that insurance companies will seek new opportunities for access to the client. In this regard, will develop a network of independent insurance agents and brokers.

Choose the insurance company will be determined largely by the confidence of the client to a professional facilitator. Will put pressure on the banks that are now illegal, often at the expense of the borrower, and insist on insurance particularly for employees of the Bank or loan company.