Are already more than 1 billion people living under constant shortage of fresh water and about two billion people suffer from its constant shortage. Experts predict that by the middle of the 21 century, the number of people suffering from lack of fresh water could rise to four billion people, and it's almost half the population of our planet.
Fresh water, sea water, in contrast, contains a minimum quantity of salts, and in percentage terms, if salinity does not exceed 0.1%, the water is already called fresh. Fresh water is in our world in the form of ice and vapor, in rivers and streams, in the underground sources, freshwater lakes and clouds.
Total amount of fresh water on Earth, from 2.5 to 3 per cent, with a significant share, around 90%, is in the form of ice. The distribution of fresh water on the Earth is very uneven, for example in Europe and Asia focused 39% of river water, and 20% of the world's freshwater lake is Lake Baikal.
Due to regular pollution of natural sources, the explosive growth of the world's population, and the development of the new territories, all the more acute challenge of artificial seawater desalination. However, desalination of salt water on an industrial scale is not cheap nor easy.
The most popular method of desalination is normal or multi-stage distillation, which uses the boiling and steaming at high temperatures. More than half of the desalinated water produced this way.
But to qualitatively present sea water, a plant that contains special cleaning plants, which remove all unnecessary sea water impurities that can then be in a separate shop to, finally, distillation. And after distillation is necessary to restore the balance of minerals, and is part of a complex process. All this involves considerable material and production costs. As a result, in many parts of the world fresh water still simply unavailable.
Therefore, gradually evolving and alternative ways to get fresh water. One such project, developed by British researchers, may appear on the market by the second half of the year 2015.
Developers seeking financing to start commercial production of mini water desalination systems «Desolenator». Portable solar powered most efficiently uses sunlight and heat for 15 litres of clean drinking water per day.
The device contains no moving parts, no filters, so it's not only difficult to damage, but even the regular maintenance of the system is not required. After the acquisition of such a device, additional investments are no longer needed, you can be for 20 years get distilled water to meet the needs of a small settlement. Cost of mini station will not exceed 450 dollars, and you can pay as you use to developers.
The platform is made mobile for that one person could own it deploy and run for a couple of minutes. Integrated remote monitoring will enable the manufacturer to track the technical status of the device and, if necessary, to provide timely service.
William Jansen, author of the idea, believes that the salt water, representing 97 per cent of the world's water is a very precious resource, which is used inefficiently because of the shortcomings of the existing expensive technology.
Desolenator also uses solar energy in a special way: the heat goes to heating the salty seawater up to 90 degrees Celsius, then uses energy from solar panels to boil hot water already. Steam passes through the heat exchanger and cools, heats the next batch of sea water. The result is two products: salt solution and purified drinking water.
British developers, successfully implemented this good idea, got over his invention award Climate KiC Clean Launch Pad and established an academic partnership with the University of Liverpool United Kingdom, Imperial College United Kingdom and the College of Engineering Trivandrum India.
The Earth intercepts a lot of solar power: 173000 terawatts. That's 10000 times more power than the planet's population uses.
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